Analysis of wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium derivatives with BYDV-resistance

Chromosome compositions of seven lines, derived from hybrids between a wheat cultivar and the wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium addition line Z6, with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance, were determined by genomic in situ hybridization, cytogenetic and SSR assays. The results showed that line N522 was a disomic addition line, lines N420 and N439 were 2Ai-2(2B) chromosome substitution lines, lines N431 and N452 were 2Ai-2(2D) chromosome substitution lines, line N523 was a 2Ai-2S(2D) ditelosomic substitution line, and line N530 was a double ditelosomic line with the mitotic chromosome number of 2n = 40 + 4t. One pair of telosomes in line N530 lacked several proximal SSR markers of chromosome 2AS, but possessed certain terminal markers, which were consistent with an acrocentric structure, and the other pair of chromosome arms were presumably 2Ai-2S telosomes with BYDV-resistance. These wheat-Th. intermedium lines provide useful genetic resources for developing alien chromosome translocation lines.     

含有玉米远缘种质的自交系配合力分析及应用评价

按P1×P2不完全双列杂交设计,用NCⅡ分析方法,对6个含有玉米远缘种质自交系9个性状的配合力及其群体遗传参数进行研究。结果表明:郑311、郑314和郑388的一般配合力高,可直接利用;而郑312、郑315和郑389综合性状较差,需改良后利用;郑312×BT1和郑314×齐319具有较强的杂种优势,有一定的增产潜力。在玉米育种工作中,对株高等8个性状宜早代选择,而对轴粗应进行晚代选择。     

杂交稻抗二化螟的胞质遗传效应分析

以一套6种细胞质的同核异质广亲和不育系和两套同质(野败型和印水型)异核不育系与恢复系蜀恢162和密阳46配组的F1为材料，测定二化螟的幼虫存活率、幼虫体重和田间水稻枯心率，分析了不育系的细胞质、细胞核和质核互作对二化螟抗性的遗传效应。结果表明，二化螟幼虫在同核异质不育系的矮败型“国广2A”、D型“国广4A”、印水型“国广5A”和K型“国广6A”上的体重显著低于在野败型“国广1A”和冈型“国广3A”上的；在国广4A和国广5A上的枯心率(12.9%和14.1%)显著低于在其他同核异质不育系上的。水稻枯心率在野败型和印水型同质异核不育系的2种不育系之间均表现出显著差异。同核异质不育系和印水型同质异核不育系对二化螟存活率没有细胞质效应和质核互作效应。同核异质不育系的质核互作效应(47.1%)和细胞质效应(29.4%)是影响幼虫体重的主要因素；细胞核效应(76.0%)、细胞质(12.1%)和质核互作效应(10.4%)都影响着水稻枯心率。野败型同质异核不育系的细胞核效应(78.5%)是影响幼虫体重的主要因素，其次是细胞质效应(17.7%)；枯心率受到细胞核效应(58.5%)和质核互作效应(35.7%)的影响。印水型同质异核不育系影响幼虫体重和枯心率的质核互作效应分别是26.5%和66.9%；影响幼虫体重的还有细胞核效应(50.7%)和细胞质效应(21.9%)。     

Near-isogenic lines of durum wheat: their development and plant characteristics

Summary The effect of specific plant characteristics on the grain and biomass yield of durum wheat can be accurately determined by using isogenic lines, which, however, were not usually available. This study reported the effects of long glume, glaucousness, glume pubescence, black glume and purple culm on the yield and its associated characteristics in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat cv. LD222, which were developed by continuous backcrossing. The long glume trait which resulted in a large photosynthetic area did not enhance yield. Increased glume size associated with the P gene tended to increase the main culm dominance, characterized such as vigorous main culm and weak tillers, and plant height, but to reduce tillering and spike number. Consequently, grain yield and harvest index declined. Under the adequate water supplying condition of the present study, the glaucous trait was beneficial for grain yield. The trait of glume pubescence did not excert any significant effect on the yield related characteristics in the LD222 background. The traits of black glume and purple culm reduced the number of spikes per unit area and the number of kernels per unit area.     

The extent of similarity between near-isogenic lines of the Australian spring wheat variety Triple Dirk with their recurrent parent

Summary The near-isogenic lines of the wheat variety Triple Dirk supposed to differ only for Vrn genes have been investigated for their similarity to Triple Dirk and for purity. The NILs were found to differ from Triple Dirk. It was also discovered that Triple Dirk and the NILs each exist of more than one genotype. It is recommended that each NIL is tested for its Vrn-genotype and purified. New sets of Vrn NILs can only be made with these checked NILs and with one-plant progeny of the newly used recurrent parents.     

高粱非买罗细胞质A_2、A_3雄性不育系研究

非买罗细胞质A_2、A_3雄性不育系的研究表明:现有A_1系统保持材料对A_2、A_3仍具有保持能力,A_2、A_3系统的保持系对A_1表现为恢复.A_1系统恢复系,不同生态型的材料对A_2恢复能力不同,中国高粱仍具恢复能力,部分印度高粱表现为保持,A_1、A_2的恢复系对A_3均表现为保持.研究认为:A_2扩大了细胞质利用范围,加强“A_2带”的利用,可有效地促进高粱育种的生产.     

植物免疫诱抗剂对黄瓜白粉病的防治试验

为明确植物免疫诱抗剂对黄瓜白粉病的田间防治效果,选择不同浓度5%氨基寡糖素水剂开展病害防治试验,并以0.5%几丁聚糖水剂为生物药剂对照,以42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂为化学药剂对照,以清水为空白对照。结果显示:5%氨基寡糖素水剂667 m²用量30 mL对黄瓜白粉病具有较好的防治效果,第1次施药后7 d防效达76.1%,推荐在病害发生初期间隔7 d连续施用2~3次。     

温敏型核雄性不育系番茄T4育性的研究

以温敏型核雄性不育系番茄T4及对照First为试材,通过调查花粉发芽率、自交结实率、果实种子数以及采用Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳方法分析叶片及花药蛋白质的变化,研究T4的育性转化,并分析其在可育和不育条件下花粉发芽率、自交结实率、果实种子数、叶片及花药蛋白质的差异。结果表明：28 ℃/18 ℃（昼/夜）处理的T4花粉发芽率、自交结实率最高,果实种子数最多,与对照First差异不显著,表明此时T4恢复部分育性|28 ℃/24 ℃和28 ℃/12 ℃处理的T4花粉发芽率、自交结实率和果实种子数与对照差异均达到极显著水平,表现为不育。不同温度处理的T4花药蛋白质与叶片蛋白质差异均达到显著水平|28 ℃/24 ℃和28 ℃/12 ℃处理的T4叶片蛋白质与对照差异显著,但28 ℃/18 ℃处理的差异不明显。     

早熟萝卜新品种榕研1号的选育

早熟萝卜新品种榕研1号是由雄性不育系6-4-1A与自交系16-1-5配制而成的一代杂种。早熟,耐热,从播种到采收55 d（天）。株高35 cm,开展度40 cm,板叶,肉质根长圆柱形,根长26～28 cm,1/2入土,直径5～6 cm,皮肉均为白色,水分多,品质好。单根质量0.4～0.5 kg,每667 m2产量3 500 kg左右,适合福建省夏、秋季栽培。     

五个甘蓝自交系种株发育与开花结实特性研究

对5个甘蓝自交系(09335#、09336#、09337#、09338#、09340#)的植株形态、物候期、开花结荚、果实特征以及亲和性进行了鉴定。结果表明:09335#和09337#的各物候期早,植株生长势强,侧枝数多,花期授粉与蕾期授粉结荚率高、花期和蕾期亲和指数也较高,为较优良自交系;09336#和09340#居中,09338#较差。